What is a Conveyance Deed?

A Conveyance Deed is a legal document that officially transfers ownership of a property from one person (the seller) to another (the buyer). It is executed when the sale is finalized and is proof that the property has been legally conveyed.

In simpler terms, it’s the document that legally certifies the transfer of title from the owner to the buyer.

Importance of a Conveyance Deed

• Legal Ownership: It proves that the property has been transferred legally.
• Protects Buyer’s Rights: Helps avoid disputes and protects the new owner’s rights.
• Essential for Registration: Without a conveyance deed, the buyer cannot register the property in their name.
• Loan Approval: Banks and financial institutions often require a conveyance deed for loan processing.

Types of Conveyance Deeds

There are different types of conveyance deeds depending on the nature of the transaction:

1. Freehold Conveyance Deed

Transfers complete ownership rights (including land and building) from the builder/developer or government body to the buyer or housing society.

2. Leasehold Conveyance Deed

In leasehold properties, this deed transfers property rights for a specific period. Ownership reverts back to the lessor after the lease ends.

3. Gift Deed

A type of conveyance deed where ownership is transferred without any monetary exchange, usually between family members.

4. Sale Deed

This is the most common type, used when a property is sold for a consideration (money).

5. Relinquishment Deed

Used when a legal heir gives up their rights to a jointly owned property.

Legal Elements of a Conveyance Deed

For a conveyance deed to be valid and legally enforceable, it must include:

• Full names and addresses of both buyer and seller
• Complete description of the property
• Date of execution
• Chain of title or previous ownership history
• Payment details (sale consideration)
• Seller’s declaration of ownership
• Clear statement of the transfer of rights, title, and interest
• Signatures of both parties
• Witnesses
• Stamp duty and registration details

How to Execute and Register a Conveyance Deed

Step-by-Step Process:

1. Drafting the Deed

Consult a real estate lawyer to prepare the deed with all relevant clauses.

2. Stamp Duty Payment

Pay the required stamp duty based on the state government’s rules.

3. Execution of the Deed

Both parties must sign the deed in the presence of witnesses.

4. Registration
   1. Visit the local sub-registrar office with identity documents.
   2. Submit the signed deed along with proof of payment.
   3. Once registered, it becomes a legally binding document.

Documents Required for Conveyance Deed Registration

• PAN card of both parties
• Aadhaar card or any government ID
• Sale agreement
• Property tax receipts
• Previous title deeds
• No Objection Certificate (NOC) from housing society
• Encumbrance Certificate
• Proof of stamp duty payment

Stamp Duty and Registration Charges

Stamp duty and registration charges vary by state. Generally, it ranges from 4% to 8% of the property value as stamp duty and 1% to 2% as registration fees. These must be paid at the time of registration.

Check with your local registrar office or state government portal for exact rates.

What Happens Without a Conveyance Deed?

• The buyer cannot claim legal ownership.
• Ineligible for home loans or resale.
• Possibility of legal disputes or fraud.
• Loss of property rights in court.

That’s why executing and registering a conveyance deed is not just important—it’s mandatory.

Final Thoughts

A Conveyance Deed is the backbone of a property transaction. It’s not just paperwork—it’s legal proof that the property is rightfully yours. From legal ownership to securing loans, everything depends on this one document.

If you’re buying, selling, or transferring property, always make sure that a properly executed and registered conveyance deed is part of the process. It’s your best safeguard against future legal hassles.